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The type of functional behavior assessment that directly tests antecedents and consequences is the experimental functional analysis. This method involves manipulating variables in a controlled environment to see how changes in antecedents (triggers) and consequences (outcomes) affect a behavior. By systematically altering these factors, practitioners can observe their direct impact on the target behavior, allowing for a clear identification of the function of that behavior.

In contrast, descriptive functional assessments involve observing and recording the occurrence of behaviors and their antecedents and consequences in natural settings without manipulation. Indirect assessments rely on information gathered from interviews and questionnaires, rather than direct testing. Comparative assessments involve comparing different strategies or interventions but do not directly alter antecedents and consequences in a test-like manner. The unique aspect of experimental functional analysis is its capacity to establish a cause-and-effect relationship through direct observation and manipulation, which is crucial for effective behavior intervention planning.